ruby/debug

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debug.rb This library provides debugging functionality to Ruby (MRI) 2.6 and later. This debug.rb is replacement of traditional lib/debug.rb standard library which is implemented by set_trace_func. New debug.rb has several advantages: Fast: No performance penalty on non-stepping mode and non-breakpoints. Remote debugging: Support remote debugging natively. UNIX domain socket (UDS) TCP/IP Integration with rich debugger frontends Frontend Console VSCode Chrome DevTool Connection UDS, TCP/IP UDS, TCP/IP TCP/IP Requirement No vscode-rdbg Chrome Extensible: application can introduce debugging support with several ways: By rdbg command By loading libraries with -r command line option By calling Ruby's method explicitly Misc Support threads (almost done) and ractors (TODO). Support suspending and entering to the console debugging with Ctrl-C at most of timing. Show parameters on backtrace command. Support recording & replay debugging. Installation $ gem install debug or specify -Ipath/to/debug/lib in RUBYOPT or each ruby command-line option, especially for debug this gem development. If you use Bundler, write the following line to your Gemfile. gem "debug", ">= 1.0.0" (The version constraint is important; debug < 1.0.0 is an older, abandoned gem that is completely different from this product.) HOW TO USE To use a debugger, roughly you will do the following steps: Set breakpoints. Run a program with the debugger. At the breakpoint, enter the debugger console. Use debug commands. Evaluate Ruby expressions (e.g. p lvar to see the local variable lvar). Query the program status (e.g. info to see information about the current frame). Control program flow (e.g. move to the another line with step, to the next line with next). Set another breakpoint (e.g. catch Exception to set a breakpoint that'll be triggered when Exception is raised). Activate tracing in your program (e.g. trace call to trace method calls). Change the configuration (e.g. config set no_color true to disable coloring). Continue the program (c or continue) and goto 3. Invoke with the debugger There are several options for (1) and (2). Please choose your favorite way. Modify source code with binding.break (similar to binding.pry or binding.irb) If you can modify the source code, you can use the debugger by adding require 'debug' at the top of your program and putting binding.break method into lines where you want to stop as breakpoints like binding.pry and binding.irb. You can also use its 2 aliases in the same way: binding.b debugger After that, run the program as usual and you will enter the debug console at breakpoints you inserted. The following example shows the demonstration of binding.break. $ cat target.rb # Sample program require 'debug' a = 1 b = 2 binding.break # Program will stop here c = 3 d = 4 binding.break # Program will stop here p [a, b, c, d] $ ruby target.rb # Run the program normally. DEBUGGER: Session start (pid: 7604) [1, 10] in target.rb 1| require 'debug' 2| 3| a = 1 4| b = 2 => 5| binding.break # Now you can see it stops at this line 6| c = 3 7| d = 4 8| binding.break 9| p [a, b, c, d] 10| =>#0 <main> at target.rb:5 (rdbg) info locals # You can show local variables =>#0 <main> at target.rb:5 %self => main a => 1 b => 2 c => nil d => nil (rdbg) continue # Continue the execution [3, 11] in target.rb 3| a = 1 4| b = 2 5| binding.break 6| c = 3 7| d = 4 => 8| binding.break # Again the program stops here 9| p [a, b, c, d] 10| 11| __END__ =>#0 <main> at target.rb:8 (rdbg) info locals # And you can see the updated local variables =>#0 <main> at target.rb:8 %self => main a => 1 b => 2 c => 3 d => 4 (rdbg) continue [1, 2, 3, 4] Invoke the program from the debugger as a traditional debuggers If you don't want to modify the source code, you can set breakpoints with a debug command break (b for short). Using rdbg command (or bundle exec rdbg) to launch the program without any modifications, you can run the program with the debugger. $ cat target.rb # Sample program a = 1 b = 2 c = 3 d = 4 p [a, b, c, d] $ rdbg target.rb # run like `ruby target.rb` DEBUGGER: Session start (pid: 7656) [1, 7] in target.rb => 1| a = 1 2| b = 2 3| c = 3 4| d = 4 5| p [a, b, c, d] 6| 7| __END__ =>#0 <main> at target.rb:1 (rdbg) rdbg command suspends the program at the beginning of the given script (target.rb in this case) and you can use debug commands. (rdbg) is prompt. Let's set breakpoints on line 3 and line 5 with break command (b for short). (rdbg) break 3 # set breakpoint at line 3 #0 BP - Line /mnt/c/ko1/src/rb/ruby-debug/target.rb:3 (line) (rdbg) b 5 # set breakpoint at line 5 #1 BP - Line /mnt/c/ko1/src/rb/ruby-debug/target.rb:5 (line) (rdbg) break # show all registered breakpoints #0 BP - Line /mnt/c/ko1/src/rb/ruby-debug/target.rb:3 (line) #1 BP - Line /mnt/c/ko1/src/rb/ruby-debug/target.rb:5 (line) You can see that two breakpoints are registered. Let's continue the program by continue command. (rdbg) continue [1, 7] in target.rb 1| a = 1 2| b = 2 => 3| c = 3 4| d = 4 5| p [a, b, c, d] 6| 7| __END__ =>#0 <main> at target.rb:3 Stop by #0 BP - Line /mnt/c/ko1/src/rb/ruby-debug/target.rb:3 (line) (rdbg) You can see that we can stop at line 3. Let's see the local variables with info command, and continue. You can also confirm that the program will suspend at line 5 and you can use info command again. (rdbg) info =>#0 <main> at target.rb:3 %self => main a => 1 b => 2 c => nil d => nil (rdbg) continue [1, 7] in target.rb 1| a = 1 2| b = 2 3| c = 3 4| d = 4 => 5| p [a, b, c, d] 6| 7| __END__ =>#0 <main> at target.rb:5 Stop by #1 BP - Line /mnt/c/ko1/src/rb/ruby-debug/target.rb:5 (line) (rdbg) info =>#0 <main> at target.rb:5 %self => main a => 1 b => 2 c => 3 d => 4 (rdbg) continue [1, 2, 3, 4] By the way, using rdbg command you can suspend your application with C-c (SIGINT) and enter the debug console. It will help that if you want to know what the program is doing. Use rdbg with commands written in Ruby If you want to run a command written in Ruby like like rake, rails, bundle, rspec and so on, you can use rdbg -c option. Without -c option, rdbg <name> means that <name> is Ruby script and invoke it like ruby <name> with the debugger. With -c option, rdbg -c <name> means that <name> is command in PATH and simply invoke it with the debugger. Examples: rdbg -c -- rails server rdbg -c -- bundle exec ruby foo.rb rdbg -c -- bundle exec rake test rdbg -c -- ruby target.rb is same as rdbg target.rb NOTE: -- is needed to separate the command line options for rdbg and invoking command. For example, rdbg -c rake -T is recognized like rdbg -c -T -- rake. It should be rdbg -c -- rake -T. NOTE: If you want to use bundler (bundle command), you need to write gem debug line in your Gemfile. Using VSCode Like other languages, you can use this debugger on the VSCode. Install VSCode rdbg Ruby Debugger - Visual Studio Marketplace Open .rb file (e.g. target.rb) Register breakpoints with "Toggle breakpoint" in Run menu (or type F9 key) Choose "Start debugging" in "Run" menu (or type F5 key) You will see a dialog "Debug command line" and you can choose your favorite command line your want to run. Chosen command line is invoked with rdbg -c and VSCode shows the details at breakpoints. Please refer Debugging in Visual Studio Code for operations on VSCode. You can configure the extension in .vscode/launch.json. Please see the extension page for more details. Remote debugging You can use this debugger as a remote debugger. For example, it will help the following situations: Your application does not run on TTY and it is hard to use binding.pry or binding.irb. Your application is running on Docker container and there is no TTY. Your application is running as a daemon. Your application uses pipe for STDIN or STDOUT. Your application is running as a daemon and you want to query the running status (checking a backtrace and so on). You can run your application as a remote debuggee and the remote debugger console can attach to the debuggee anytime. Invoke as a remote debuggee There are multiple ways to run your program as a debuggee: Stop at program start rdbg option require debugger API Yes rdbg --open require "debug/open" DEBUGGER__.open No rdbg --open --nonstop require "debug/open_nonstop" DEBUGGER__.open(nonstop: true) rdbg --open (or rdbg -O for short) You can run a script with rdbg --open target.rb command and run a target.rb as a debuggee program. It also opens the network port and suspends at the beginning of target.rb. $ exe/rdbg --open target.rb DEBUGGER: Session start (pid: 7773) DEBUGGER: Debugger can attach via UNIX domain socket (/home/ko1/.ruby-debug-sock/ruby-debug-ko1-7773) DEBUGGER: wait for debugger connection... By default, rdbg --open uses UNIX domain socket and generates path name automatically (/home/ko1/.ruby-debug-sock/ruby-debug-ko1-7773 in this case). You can connect to the debuggee with rdbg --attach command (rdbg -A for short). $ rdbg -A [1, 7] in target.rb => 1| a = 1 2| b = 2 3| c = 3 4| d = 4 5| p [a, b, c, d] 6| 7| __END__ =>#0 <main> at target.rb:1 (rdbg:remote) If there is no other opening ports on the default directory, rdbg --attach command chooses the only one opening UNIX domain socket and connect to it. If there are more files, you need to specify the file. When rdbg --attach connects to the debuggee, you can use any debug commands (set breakpoints, continue the program and so on) like local debug console. When an debuggee program exits, the remote console will also terminate. NOTE: If you use quit command, only remote console exits and the debuggee program continues to run (and you can connect it again). If you want to exit the debuggee program, use kill command. If you want to use TCP/IP for the remote debugging, you need to specify the port and host with --port like rdbg --open --port 12345 and it binds to localhost:12345. To connect to the debuggee, you need to specify the port. $ rdbg --attach 12345 If you want to choose the host to bind, you can use --host option. Note that all messages communicated between the debugger and the debuggee are NOT encrypted so please use remote debugging carefully. require 'debug/open' in a program If you can modify the program, you can open debugging port by adding require 'debug/open' line in the program. If you don't want to stop the program at the beginning, you can also use require 'debug/open_nonstop'. Using debug/open_nonstop is useful if you want to open a backdoor to the application. However, it is also danger because it can become another vulnerability. Please use it carefully. By default, UNIX domain socket is used for the debugging port. To use TCP/IP, you can set the RUBY_DEBUG_PORT environment variable. $ RUBY_DEBUG_PORT=12345 ruby target.rb Integration with external debugger frontend You can attach with external debugger frontend with VSCode and Chrome. $ rdbg --open=[frontend] target.rb will open a debug port and [frontend] can attach to the port. Also open command allows opening the debug port. VSCode integration (vscode-rdbg v0.0.9 or later is required) If you don't run a debuggee Ruby process on VSCode, you can attach with VSCode later with the following steps. rdbg --open=vscode opens the debug port and tries to invoke the VSCode (code command). $ rdbg --open=vscode target.rb DEBUGGER: Debugger can attach via UNIX domain socket (/tmp/ruby-debug-sock-1000/ruby-debug-ko1-27706) DEBUGGER: wait for debugger connection... Launching: code /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-27706-gd7e85/ /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-27706-gd7e85/README.rb DEBUGGER: Connected. And it tries to invoke the new VSCode window and VSCode starts attaching to the debuggee Ruby program automatically. You can also use open vscode command in REPL. $ rdbg target.rb [1, 8] in target.rb 1| => 2| p a = 1 3| p b = 2 4| p c = 3 5| p d = 4 6| p e = 5 7| 8| __END__ =>#0 <main> at target.rb:2 (rdbg) open vscode # command DEBUGGER: wait for debugger connection... DEBUGGER: Debugger can attach via UNIX domain socket (/tmp/ruby-debug-sock-1000/ruby-debug-ko1-28337) Launching: code /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-28337-kg9dm/ /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-28337-kg9dm/README.rb DEBUGGER: Connected. If the machine which runs the Ruby process doesn't have a code command, the following message will be shown: (rdbg) open vscode DEBUGGER: wait for debugger connection... DEBUGGER: Debugger can attach via UNIX domain socket (/tmp/ruby-debug-sock-1000/ruby-debug-ko1-455) Launching: code /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-455-gtjpwi/ /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-455-gtjpwi/README.rb DEBUGGER: Can not invoke the command. Use the command-line on your terminal (with modification if you need). code /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-455-gtjpwi/ /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-455-gtjpwi/README.rb If your application is running on a SSH remote host, please try: code --remote ssh-remote+[SSH hostname] /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-455-gtjpwi/ /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-455-gtjpwi/README.rb and try to use proposed commands. Note that you can attach with rdbg --attach and continue REPL debugging. Chrome DevTool integration With rdbg --open=chrome command will show the following message. $ rdbg target.rb --open=chrome DEBUGGER: Debugger can attach via TCP/IP (127.0.0.1:43633) DEBUGGER: With Chrome browser, type the following URL in the address-bar: devtools://devtools/bundled/inspector.html?v8only=true&panel=sources&ws=127.0.0.1:57231/b32a55cd-2eb5-4c5c-87d8-b3dfc59d80ef DEBUGGER: wait for debugger connection... Type devtools://devtools/bundled/inspector.html?v8only=true&panel=sources&ws=127.0.0.1:57231/b32a55cd-2eb5-4c5c-87d8-b3dfc59d80ef in the address-bar on Chrome browser, and you can continue the debugging with chrome browser. Also open chrome command works like open vscode. For more information about how to use Chrome debugging, you might want to read here. Configuration You can configure the debugger's behavior with debug commands and environment variables. When the debug session is started, initial scripts are loaded so you can put your favorite configurations in the initial scripts. Configuration list You can configure debugger's behavior with environment variables and config command. Each configuration has environment variable and the name which can be specified by config command. # configuration example config set log_level INFO config set no_color true UI RUBY_DEBUG_LOG_LEVEL (log_level): Log level same as Logger (default: WARN) RUBY_DEBUG_SHOW_SRC_LINES (show_src_lines): Show n lines source code on breakpoint (default: 10) RUBY_DEBUG_SHOW_EVALEDSRC (show_evaledsrc): Show actually evaluated source (default: false) RUBY_DEBUG_SHOW_FRAMES (show_frames): Show n frames on breakpoint (default: 2) RUBY_DEBUG_USE_SHORT_PATH (use_short_path): Show shorten PATH (like $(Gem)/foo.rb) (default: false) RUBY_DEBUG_NO_COLOR (no_color): Do not use colorize (default: false) RUBY_DEBUG_NO_SIGINT_HOOK (no_sigint_hook): Do not suspend on SIGINT (default: false) RUBY_DEBUG_NO_RELINE (no_reline): Do not use Reline library (default: false) RUBY_DEBUG_NO_HINT (no_hint): Do not show the hint on the REPL (default: false) RUBY_DEBUG_NO_LINENO (no_lineno): Do not show line numbers (default: false) CONTROL RUBY_DEBUG_SKIP_PATH (skip_path): Skip showing/entering frames for given paths RUBY_DEBUG_SKIP_NOSRC (skip_nosrc): Skip on no source code lines (default: false) RUBY_DEBUG_KEEP_ALLOC_SITE (keep_alloc_site): Keep allocation site and p, pp shows it (default: false) RUBY_DEBUG_POSTMORTEM (postmortem): Enable postmortem debug (default: false) RUBY_DEBUG_FORK_MODE (fork_mode): Control which process activates a debugger after fork (both/parent/child) (default: both) RUBY_DEBUG_SIGDUMP_SIG (sigdump_sig): Sigdump signal (default: false) BOOT RUBY_DEBUG_NONSTOP (nonstop): Nonstop mode (default: false) RUBY_DEBUG_STOP_AT_LOAD (stop_at_load): Stop at just loading location (default: false) RUBY_DEBUG_INIT_SCRIPT (init_script): debug command script path loaded at first stop RUBY_DEBUG_COMMANDS (commands): debug commands invoked at first stop. Commands should be separated by ;; RUBY_DEBUG_NO_RC (no_rc): ignore loading ~/.rdbgrc(.rb) (default: false) RUBY_DEBUG_HISTORY_FILE (history_file): history file (default: ~/.rdbg_history) RUBY_DEBUG_SAVE_HISTORY (save_history): maximum save history lines (default: 10000) REMOTE RUBY_DEBUG_OPEN (open): Open remote port (same as rdbg --open option) RUBY_DEBUG_PORT (port): TCP/IP remote debugging: port RUBY_DEBUG_HOST (host): TCP/IP remote debugging: host (default: 127.0.0.1) RUBY_DEBUG_SOCK_PATH (sock_path): UNIX Domain Socket remote debugging: socket path RUBY_DEBUG_SOCK_DIR (sock_dir): UNIX Domain Socket remote debugging: socket directory RUBY_DEBUG_LOCAL_FS_MAP (local_fs_map): Specify local fs map RUBY_DEBUG_SKIP_BP (skip_bp): Skip breakpoints if no clients are attached (default: false) RUBY_DEBUG_COOKIE (cookie): Cookie for negotiation RUBY_DEBUG_CHROME_PATH (chrome_path): Platform dependent path of Chrome (For more information, See here) OBSOLETE RUBY_DEBUG_PARENT_ON_FORK (parent_on_fork): Keep debugging parent process on fork (default: false) There are other environment variables: NO_COLOR: If the value is set, set RUBY_DEBUG_NO_COLOR (NO_COLOR: disabling ANSI color output in various Unix commands). RUBY_DEBUG_ENABLE: If the value is 0, do not enable debug.gem feature. RUBY_DEBUG_ADDED_RUBYOPT: Remove this value from RUBYOPT at first. This feature helps loading debug.gem with RUBYOPT='-r debug/...' and you don't want to derive it to child processes. In this case you can set RUBY_DEBUG_ADDED_RUBYOPT='-r debug/...' (same value) and this string will be deleted from RUBYOPT at first. RUBY_DEBUG_EDITOR or EDITOR: An editor used by edit debug command. RUBY_DEBUG_BB: Define Kernel#bb method which is alias of Kernel#debugger. Initial scripts If there is ~/.rdbgrc, the file is loaded as an initial script (which contains debug commands) when the debug session is started. RUBY_DEBUG_INIT_SCRIPT environment variable can specify the initial script file. You can specify the initial script with rdbg -x initial_script (like gdb's -x option). Initial scripts are useful to write your favorite configurations. For example, you can set break points with break file:123 in ~/.rdbgrc. If there are ~/.rdbgrc.rb is available, it is also loaded as a ruby script at same timing. Debug command on the debug console On the debug console, you can use the following debug commands. There are additional features: <expr> without debug command is almost same as pp <expr>. If the input line <expr> does NOT start with any debug command, the line <expr> will be evaluated as a Ruby expression and the result will be printed with pp method. So that the input foo.bar is same as pp foo.bar. If <expr> is recognized as a debug command, of course it is not evaluated as a Ruby expression, but is executed as debug command. For example, you can not evaluate such single letter local variables i, b, n, c because they are single letter debug commands. Use p i instead. So the author (Koichi Sasada) recommends to use p, pp or eval command to evaluate the Ruby expression everytime. Enter without any input repeats the last command (useful when repeating steps) for some commands. Ctrl-D is equal to quit command. debug command compare sheet - Google Sheets You can use the following debug commands. Each command should be written in 1 line. The [...] notation means this part can be eliminate. For example, s[tep] means s or step are valid command. ste is not valid. The <...> notation means the argument. Control flow s[tep] Step in. Resume the program until next breakable point. s[tep] <n> Step in, resume the program at <n>th breakable point. n[ext] Step over. Resume the program until next line. n[ext] <n> Step over, same as step <n>. fin[ish] Finish this frame. Resume the program until the current frame is finished. fin[ish] <n> Finish <n>th frames. u[ntil] Similar to next command, but only stop later lines or the end of the current frame. Similar to gdb's advance command. u[ntil] <[file:]line> Run til the program reaches given location or the end of the current frame. u[ntil] <name> Run til the program invokes a method <name>. <name> can be a regexp with /name/. c or cont or continue Resume the program. q[uit] or Ctrl-D Finish debugger (with the debuggee process on non-remote debugging). q[uit]! Same as q[uit] but without the confirmation prompt. kill Stop the debuggee process with Kernel#exit!. kill! Same as kill but without the confirmation prompt. sigint Execute SIGINT handler registered by the debuggee. Note that this command should be used just after stop by SIGINT. Breakpoint b[reak] Show all breakpoints. b[reak] <line> Set breakpoint on <line> at the current frame's file. b[reak] <file>:<line> or <file> <line> Set breakpoint on <file>:<line>. b[reak] <class>#<name> Set breakpoint on the method <class>#<name>. b[reak] <expr>.<name> Set breakpoint on the method <expr>.<name>. b[reak] ... if: <expr> break if <expr> is true at specified location. b[reak] ... pre: <command> break and run <command> before stopping. b[reak] ... do: <command> break and run <command>, and continue. b[reak] ... path: <path> break if the path matches to <path>. <path> can be a regexp with /regexp/. b[reak] if: <expr> break if: <expr> is true at any lines. Note that this feature is super slow. catch <Error> Set breakpoint on raising <Error>. catch ... if: <expr> stops only if <expr> is true as well. catch ... pre: <command> runs <command> before stopping. catch ... do: <command> stops and run <command>, and continue. catch ... path: <path> stops if the exception is raised from a <path>. <path> can be a regexp with /regexp/. watch @ivar Stop the execution when the result of current scope's @ivar is changed. Note that this feature is super slow. watch ... if: <expr> stops only if <expr> is true as well. watch ... pre: <command> runs <command> before stopping. watch ... do: <command> stops and run <command>, and continue. watch ... path: <path> stops if the path matches <path>. <path> can be a regexp with /regexp/. del[ete] delete all breakpoints. del[ete] <bpnum> delete specified breakpoint. Information bt or backtrace Show backtrace (frame) information. bt <num> or backtrace <num> Only shows first <num> frames. bt /regexp/ or backtrace /regexp/ Only shows frames with method name or location info that matches /regexp/. bt <num> /regexp/ or backtrace <num> /regexp/ Only shows first <num> frames with method name or location info that matches /regexp/. l[ist] Show current frame's source code. Next list command shows the successor lines. l[ist] - Show predecessor lines as opposed to the list command. l[ist] <start> or l[ist] <start>-<end> Show current frame's source code from the line to if given. whereami Show the current frame with source code. edit Open the current file on the editor (use EDITOR environment variable). Note that edited file will not be reloaded. edit <file> Open on the editor. i[nfo] Show information about current frame (local/instance variables and defined constants). i[nfo] info has the following sub-commands. Sub-commands can be specified with few letters which is unambiguous, like l for 'locals'. i[nfo] l or locals or local_variables Show information about the current frame (local variables) It includes self as %self and a return value as _return. i[nfo] i or ivars or instance_variables Show information about instance variables about self. info ivars <expr> shows the instance variables of the result of <expr>. i[nfo] c or consts or constants Show information about accessible constants except toplevel constants. info consts <expr> shows the constants of a class/module of the result of <expr> i[nfo] g or globals or global_variables Show information about global variables i[nfo] th or threads Show all threads (same as th[read]). i[nfo] b or breakpoints or w or watchpoints Show all breakpoints and watchpoints. i[nfo] ... /regexp/ Filter the output with /regexp/. o[utline] or ls Show you available methods, constants, local variables, and instance variables in the current scope. o[utline] <expr> or ls <expr> Show you available methods and instance variables of the given object. If the object is a class/module, it also lists its constants. display Show display setting. display <expr> Show the result of <expr> at every suspended timing. undisplay Remove all display settings. undisplay <displaynum> Remove a specified display setting. Frame control f[rame] Show the current frame. f[rame] <framenum> Specify a current frame. Evaluation are run on specified frame. up Specify the upper frame. down Specify the lower frame. Evaluate p <expr> Evaluate like p <expr> on the current frame. pp <expr> Evaluate like pp <expr> on the current frame. eval <expr> Evaluate <expr> on the current frame. irb Invoke irb on the current frame. Trace trace Show available tracers list. trace line Add a line tracer. It indicates line events. trace call Add a call tracer. It indicate call/return events. trace exception Add an exception tracer. It indicates raising exceptions. trace object <expr> Add an object tracer. It indicates that an object by <expr> is passed as a parameter or a receiver on method call. trace ... /regexp/ Indicates only matched events to /regexp/. trace ... into: <file> Save trace information into: <file>. trace off <num> Disable tracer specified by <num> (use trace command to check the numbers). trace off [line|call|pass] Disable all tracers. If <type> is provided, disable specified type tracers. record Show recording status. record [on|off] Start/Stop recording. step back Start replay. Step back with the last execution log. s[tep] does stepping forward with the last log. step reset Stop replay . Thread control th[read] Show all threads. th[read] <thnum> Switch thread specified by <thnum>. Configuration config Show all configuration with description. config <name> Show current configuration of . config set <name> <val> or config <name> = <val> Set to . config append <name> <val> or config <name> << <val> Append <val> to <name> if it is an array. config unset <name> Set to default. source <file> Evaluate lines in <file> as debug commands. open open debuggee port on UNIX domain socket and wait for attaching. Note that open command is EXPERIMENTAL. open [<host>:]<port> open debuggee port on TCP/IP with given [<host>:]<port> and wait for attaching. open vscode open debuggee port for VSCode and launch VSCode if available. open chrome open debuggee port for Chrome and wait for attaching. Help h[elp] Show help for all commands. h[elp] <command> Show help for the given command. Debugger API Start debugging Start by requiring a library You can start debugging without rdbg command by requiring the following libraries: require 'debug': Same as rdbg --nonstop --no-sigint-hook. require 'debug/start': Same as rdbg. require 'debug/open': Same as rdbg --open. require 'debug/open_nonstop': Same as rdbg --open --nonstop. You need to require one of them at the very beginning of the application. Using ruby -r (for example ruby -r debug/start target.rb) is another way to invoke with debugger. NOTE: Until Ruby 3.0, there is old lib/debug.rb standard library. So that if this gem is not installed, or if Gemfile missed to list this gem and bundle exec is used, you will see the following output: $ ruby -r debug -e0 .../2.7.3/lib/ruby/2.7.0/x86_64-linux/continuation.so: warning: callcc is obsolete; use Fiber instead Debug.rb Emacs support available. .../2.7.3/lib/ruby/2.7.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:162: if RUBYGEMS_ACTIVATION_MONITOR.respond_to?(:mon_owned?) (rdb:1) lib/debug.rb was not maintained well in recent years, and the purpose of this library is to rewrite old lib/debug.rb with recent techniques. Start by method After loading debug/session, you can start debug session with the following methods. They are convenient if you want to specify debug configurations in your program. DEBUGGER__.start(**kw): start debug session with local console. DEBUGGER__.open(**kw): open debug port with configuration (without configurations open with UNIX domain socket) DEBUGGER__.open_unix(**kw): open debug port with UNIX domain socket DEBUGGER__.open_tcp(**kw): open debug port with TCP/IP For example: require 'debug/session' DEBUGGER__.start(no_color: true, # disable colorize log_level: 'INFO') # Change log_level to INFO ... # your application code binding.break method binding.break (or binding.b) set breakpoints at written line. It also has several keywords. If do: 'command' is specified, the debugger suspends the program and run the command as a debug command and continue the program. It is useful if you only want to call a debug command and don't want to stop there. def initialize @a = 1 binding.b do: 'info \n watch @a' end On this case, execute the info command then register a watch breakpoint for @a and continue to run. You can also use ;; instead of \n to separate your commands. If pre: 'command' is specified, the debugger suspends the program and run the command as a debug command, and keep suspend. It is useful if you have operations before suspend. def foo binding.b pre: 'p bar()' ... end On this case, you can see the result of bar() every time you stop there. rdbg command help exe/rdbg [options] -- [debuggee options] Debug console mode: -n, --nonstop Do not stop at the beginning of the script. -e DEBUG_COMMAND Execute debug command at the beginning of the script. -x, --init-script=FILE Execute debug command in the FILE. --no-rc Ignore ~/.rdbgrc --no-color Disable colorize --no-sigint-hook Disable to trap SIGINT -c, --command Enable command mode. The first argument should be a command name in $PATH. Example: 'rdbg -c bundle exec rake test' -O, --open=[FRONTEND] Start remote debugging with opening the network port. If TCP/IP options are not given, a UNIX domain socket will be used. If FRONTEND is given, prepare for the FRONTEND. Now rdbg, vscode and chrome is supported. --sock-path=SOCK_PATH UNIX Domain socket path --port=PORT Listening TCP/IP port --host=HOST Listening TCP/IP host --cookie=COOKIE Set a cookie for connection Debug console mode runs Ruby program with the debug console. 'rdbg target.rb foo bar' starts like 'ruby target.rb foo bar'. 'rdbg -- -r foo -e bar' starts like 'ruby -r foo -e bar'. 'rdbg -c rake test' starts like 'rake test'. 'rdbg -c -- rake test -t' starts like 'rake test -t'. 'rdbg -c bundle exec rake test' starts like 'bundle exec rake test'. 'rdbg -O target.rb foo bar' starts and accepts attaching with UNIX domain socket. 'rdbg -O --port 1234 target.rb foo bar' starts accepts attaching with TCP/IP localhost:1234. 'rdbg -O --port 1234 -- -r foo -e bar' starts accepts attaching with TCP/IP localhost:1234. 'rdbg target.rb -O chrome --port 1234' starts and accepts connecting from Chrome Devtools with localhost:1234. Attach mode: -A, --attach Attach to debuggee process. Attach mode attaches the remote debug console to the debuggee process. 'rdbg -A' tries to connect via UNIX domain socket. If there are multiple processes are waiting for the debugger connection, list possible debuggee names. 'rdbg -A path' tries to connect via UNIX domain socket with given path name. 'rdbg -A port' tries to connect to localhost:port via TCP/IP. 'rdbg -A host port' tries to connect to host:port via TCP/IP. Other options: -v Show version number --version Show version number and exit -h, --help Print help --util=NAME Utility mode (used by tools) --stop-at-load Stop immediately when the debugging feature is loaded. NOTE All messages communicated between a debugger and a debuggee are *NOT* encrypted. Please use the remote debugging feature carefully. Additional Resources From byebug to ruby/debug by Stan Lo - A migration guide for byebug users. ruby/debug cheatsheet by Stan Lo Contributing Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/ruby/debug. This debugger is not mature so your feedback will help us. Please also check the contributing guideline. Acknowledgement Some tests are based on deivid-rodriguez/byebug: Debugging in Ruby 2 Several codes in server_cdp.rb are based on geoffreylitt/ladybug: Visual Debugger